Essential Vaccines for Backpacking in South America: A Traveler’s Guide

Are you planning an adventurous backpacking trip to South America? From the vibrant streets of Buenos Aires to the mysterious ruins of Machu Picchu, South America is a treasure trove of rich cultures, natural wonders, and unforgettable experiences. But before you set out to explore this beautiful continent, it’s essential to prepare for your health and safety. One of the most crucial aspects of this preparation is ensuring you have the right vaccinations to protect yourself while you’re on the road.

At Ealing Travel Clinic, we offer expert advice and vaccination services for travellers heading to destinations like South America. Here’s a guide to the key vaccines you’ll need before embarking on your backpacking adventure.

1. Hepatitis A

Hepatitis A is a viral infection that affects the liver, and it’s commonly transmitted through contaminated food or water. While Hepatitis A is found worldwide, it is more prevalent in parts of South America. As a backpacker, you’ll likely be sampling street food and local delicacies, so it’s wise to get vaccinated against this disease.

Recommended dose: Hepatitis A vaccine is usually given in two doses, six months apart. The first dose will cover for up to 1 year but a booster dose is recommended after 6 months to give full cover for 25 years.

2. Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is another viral infection that affects the liver, and it’s transmitted through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids. While South America has relatively low rates of Hepatitis B, certain activities like staying in hostels, visiting remote areas, or engaging in activities that increase your risk of exposure (such as tattoos, medical treatments, or sexual contact) can increase your risk.

Recommended dose: A series of three shots which can be done over 21 days.

3. Typhoid

Typhoid fever is caused by bacteria found in contaminated food or water. While typhoid is less common in tourist areas, it’s still a significant concern, particularly in rural or undeveloped regions. Backpackers are at higher risk because of their exposure to local food and water sources, so a typhoid vaccine is highly recommended.

Recommended dose: A single dose of the injectable vaccine which covers for 3 years

4. Yellow Fever

Yellow Fever is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes, and South America is one of the regions where the risk is most prominent, particularly in countries like Brazil, Colombia and amazon regions . This disease can cause severe illness or even death, so it’s essential to get vaccinated if you’re traveling to areas where yellow fever is prevalent.

Recommended dose: A single dose of the yellow fever vaccine, which provides lifelong protection.

5. Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTP)

The DTP vaccine protects against three serious bacterial infections: diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (whooping cough). While these diseases are not common in South America, if you’re planning to travel through rural areas or engage in activities like hiking or camping, you might be at increased risk of injuries that could lead to tetanus infection. Make sure your DTP vaccine is up to date before you depart.

Recommended dose: A booster dose every 10 years.

6. Rabies

Rabies is a viral infection spread through the saliva of infected animals, and it can be fatal if left untreated. While rabies is relatively rare in South America, it is still present in some areas, especially in rural regions. If you plan to hike or volunteer with animals, or if you’re traveling in remote locations where medical care is scarce, a rabies vaccine can be a lifesaver.

Recommended dose: A series of two which can be done a week apart for immunocompetent individuals.

7. Malaria

While there isn’t a malaria vaccine, you should be aware that malaria is prevalent in many regions of South America, particularly the Amazon Basin. Depending on where you are traveling, you may need to take antimalarial medications to prevent infection. Speak to your doctor or travel clinic expert to determine which type of antimalarial treatment is best suited for your journey.

8. Cholera

Cholera is an intestinal infection that spreads through contaminated food or water. Though the risk of cholera is low for most travellers to South America, it’s more common in areas with poor sanitation. If you plan on visiting rural or remote areas, you may be advised to get the cholera vaccine.

Recommended dose: A single oral dose of the cholera vaccine.

10. Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR)

Measles outbreaks have been reported worldwide, including in South America. The MMR vaccine provides protection against measles, mumps, and rubella, which are highly contagious viral diseases. Ensure your MMR vaccination is up to date before you travel.

Recommended dose: Typically given in two doses during childhood, but adults may need a booster.

11. Dengue Fever

Dengue fever is a viral illness transmitted by mosquitoes, and it is common in tropical and subtropical regions, including many parts of South America. Symptoms can range from mild fever and joint pain to severe, life-threatening complications like dengue haemorrhagic fever. There is no specific treatment for dengue, but prevention through vaccination and mosquito protection is key.

The Qdenga vaccine is the only dengue vaccine approved for use in several countries, including parts of South America. It offers protection against all four dengue virus serotypes, which can help reduce the severity of symptoms if you contract the virus.

Recommended dose: Qdenga is given in two doses, spaced three months apart, and provides protection against dengue fever for several years.

12. Zika Virus

Zika virus is another mosquito-borne illness found in many parts of South America, particularly in areas with poor mosquito control. While Zika is typically mild in adults, it can cause birth defects if contracted during pregnancy, so it is particularly important for pregnant women or women planning to become pregnant to avoid Zika exposure. There is no vaccine for Zika, but using mosquito repellents, wearing long sleeves, and sleeping under a mosquito net can help reduce the risk of infection.

Final Considerations: Timing and Planning

It’s important to visit a travel clinic well in advance of your departure, as some vaccines require time to take full effect. Ideally, you should visit us at Ealing Travel Clinic at least 4–6 weeks before you leave to ensure that all vaccines are administered in time.

In addition to vaccinations, you should also carry a medical kit with essentials like insect repellent (to protect against mosquito-borne diseases), sunscreen, hand sanitiser, and any medications you may need.

Traveling to South America can be a life-changing experience, and with the proper vaccinations, you can enjoy your journey with peace of mind, knowing that you’re taking the necessary precautions for your health and safety.

Ready for Your South American Adventure?

Our team at Ealing Travel Clinic is here to help you prepare for your backpacking trip to South America. We offer tailored vaccination advice, immunisations, and health tips to keep you protected on the road. Book an appointment today and get ready for an unforgettable journey!